Num parecer hist\u00f3rico emitido em 23 de julho, o Tribunal Internacional de Justi\u00e7a (TIJ) concluiu que todos os Estados t\u00eam o dever de garantir a prote\u00e7\u00e3o do clima contra as emiss\u00f5es nocivas de gases com efeito de estufa. O parecer deixa claro que essas obriga\u00e7\u00f5es decorrem do direito internacional consuetudin\u00e1rio e, como tal, se estendem aos Estados que n\u00e3o s\u00e3o parte em tratados relevantes, como o Acordo de Paris de 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Como parte disso, todos os Estados t\u00eam a obriga\u00e7\u00e3o de usar \u00abtodos os meios ao seu alcance para impedir que as atividades realizadas sob sua jurisdi\u00e7\u00e3o ou controlo causem danos significativos\u00bb. Fundamentalmente, isso inclui a regulamenta\u00e7\u00e3o de atores privados. O TIJ tamb\u00e9m concluiu que qualquer viola\u00e7\u00e3o constituiria um ato internacionalmente il\u00edcito que implicaria a responsabilidade do Estado, citando como exemplo poss\u00edvel a concess\u00e3o de subs\u00eddios aos combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O parecer consultivo seguiu uma resolu\u00e7\u00e3o de 2023 da Assembleia Geral da ONU, solicitando ao TIJ que considerasse as obriga\u00e7\u00f5es dos Estados sob o direito internacional para garantir a prote\u00e7\u00e3o do sistema clim\u00e1tico e outras partes do ambiente, bem como as consequ\u00eancias jur\u00eddicas quando os Estados causassem danos significativos. Embora um grupo central de 18 pa\u00edses liderado por Vanuatu tenha proposto a resolu\u00e7\u00e3o, a sua decis\u00e3o foi tomada na sequ\u00eancia de uma campanha persistente da Pacific Island Students Fighting for Climate Change (Estudantes das Ilhas do Pac\u00edfico em Luta contra as Altera\u00e7\u00f5es Clim\u00e1ticas) e da World Youth for Climate Change (Juventude Mundial pelas Altera\u00e7\u00f5es Clim\u00e1ticas).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cA Franciscans International acolhe com satisfa\u00e7\u00e3o a decis\u00e3o do TIJ como um marco na nossa luta pela justi\u00e7a clim\u00e1tica e um lembrete do que o envolvimento sustentado da sociedade civil pode alcan\u00e7ar. Ficamos particularmente felizes em ver o Tribunal considerar o direito a um ambiente saud\u00e1vel, que \u00e9 uma quest\u00e3o central para os franciscanos\u201d, disse Budi Tjahjono, diretor de advocacy internacional da FI. \u201cAp\u00f3s este parecer, os Estados n\u00e3o t\u00eam mais desculpas para evitar tomar medidas significativas.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O TIJ tamb\u00e9m elaborou sobre o direito a um ambiente limpo, saud\u00e1vel e sustent\u00e1vel (R2HE) como um direito humano, observando que ele \u201cresulta da interdepend\u00eancia entre os direitos humanos e a prote\u00e7\u00e3o do ambiente\u201d. Concluiu que \u201co direito humano a um ambiente limpo, saud\u00e1vel e sustent\u00e1vel \u00e9 essencial para o gozo de outros direitos humanos\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nas Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas, a FI tem levantado consistentemente a crise clim\u00e1tica e as suas consequ\u00eancias para o gozo do R2HE. Casos recentes incluem as consequ\u00eancias das atividades relacionadas aos combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis na Passagem da Ilha Verde, nas Filipinas, e em Cabo Delgado, em Mo\u00e7ambique. Nas Ilhas Salom\u00e3o, a FI apoia os franciscanos para lidar com os impactos das mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas nas comunidades costeiras. Enquanto isso, no Brasil e na Guatemala, os franciscanos exigem responsabilidade do Estado e do setor privado pelas viola\u00e7\u00f5es dos direitos humanos relacionadas \u00e0 extra\u00e7\u00e3o mineral para a transi\u00e7\u00e3o energ\u00e9tica. As conclus\u00f5es do TIJ, notadamente a conclus\u00e3o de que as obriga\u00e7\u00f5es do Estado se estendem aos atores privados, ser\u00e3o outra base importante para a nossa defesa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
O parecer consultivo j\u00e1 \u00e9 considerado um marco e ser\u00e1 utilizado por ativistas, organiza\u00e7\u00f5es da sociedade civil e outros para ajudar a garantir que os Estados cumpram as suas obriga\u00e7\u00f5es internacionais e que a impunidade clim\u00e1tica e a injusti\u00e7a ambiental sejam travadas. Como sublinhado pelo Tribunal, as altera\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas s\u00e3o um \u00abproblema existencial… que p\u00f5e em perigo todas as formas de vida e a pr\u00f3pria sa\u00fade do nosso planeta\u00bb \u2013 \u00e9 hora de os Estados enfrentarem o momento perigoso em que nos encontramos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\nEsta \u00e9 uma tradu\u00e7\u00e3o autom\u00e1tica. Pedimos desculpa por quaisquer erros que possam ter ocorrido como resultado. Em caso de diverg\u00eancia, \u00e9 a vers\u00e3o inglesa que faz f\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Num parecer hist\u00f3rico emitido em 23 de julho, o Tribunal Internacional de Justi\u00e7a (TIJ) concluiu que todos os Estados t\u00eam … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":787,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"681,616,455,515,654,499","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[26],"class_list":["post-783","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticias","tag-justica-ambiental"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
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